Admitted to bar, 1988, New York and Florida; 1991, California; U.S. District Court, Southern, Eastern, Western and Northern Districts of New York; U.S. District Court, Northern, Eastern, Central and Southern Districts of California; U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit; 2004, Pennsylvania and U.S. District Courts, Middle and Eastern Districts of Pennsylvania, U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.